This document provides a detailed overview of commonly used Git commands, organized by category.

Git Configuration

Task	Command	Description
Configure username	git config --global user.name "<name>"	Sets the username for all repositories on your system.
Configure email	git config --global user.email "<email>"	Sets the email address for all repositories on your system.
Configure default text editor	git config --global core.editor <editor>	Sets the default text editor for Git commands.
View configuration settings	git config --list	Displays all Git configuration settings.
Configure line ending conversions	git config --global core.autocrlf <true/false/input>	Configures automatic conversion of line endings (CRLF/LF).

Creating Repositories

Task	Command	Description
Initialize a new repository	git init	Initializes a new Git repository in the current directory.
Clone an existing repository	git clone <repository_url>	Creates a copy of an existing Git repository.
Clone a repository to a specific folder	git clone <repository_url> <folder_name>	Clones a repository into a specified directory.

Staging and Committing

Task	Command	Description
Check repository status	git status	Shows the working directory and staging area status.
Stage a file	git add <file_name>	Adds a file to the staging area.
Stage all files	git add .	Adds all changes in the current directory to the staging area.
Commit changes	git commit -m "<commit_message>"	Commits the staged changes with a message.
Commit with a detailed message	git commit	Opens the default editor to write a detailed commit message.
Skip staging and commit directly	git commit -a -m "<commit_message>"	Stages all modified files and commits them with a message.
Amend the last commit	git commit --amend	Modifies the last commit with additional changes or a new commit message.

Branching and Merging

Task	Command	Description
List all branches	git branch	Lists all local branches.
Create a new branch	git branch <branch_name>	Creates a new branch without switching to it.
Create and switch to a new branch	git checkout -b <branch_name>	Creates and switches to a new branch.
Switch to an existing branch	git checkout <branch_name>	Switches to the specified branch.
Delete a branch	git branch -d <branch_name>	Deletes the specified branch (only if merged).
Force delete a branch	git branch -D <branch_name>	Forcefully deletes the specified branch.
Merge a branch into the current branch	git merge <branch_name>	Merges the specified branch into the current branch.
Abort a merge	git merge --abort	Aborts the current merge and resets the branch to its pre-merge state.
Rebase the current branch	git rebase <branch_name>	Reapplies commits on top of another base branch.

Remote Repositories

Task	Command	Description
Add a remote repository	git remote add <name> <url>	Adds a new remote repository with the specified name.
View remote repositories	git remote -v	Displays the URLs of all remotes.
Remove a remote repository	git remote remove <name>	Removes the specified remote repository.
Rename a remote repository	git remote rename <old_name> <new_name>	Renames a remote repository.
Fetch changes from a remote repository	git fetch <remote>	Downloads objects and refs from another repository.
Pull changes from a remote repository	git pull <remote> <branch>	Fetches and merges changes from the specified branch of a remote repository into the current branch.
Push changes to a remote repository	git push <remote> <branch>	Pushes local changes to the specified branch of a remote repository.
Push all branches to a remote	git push --all <remote>	Pushes all branches to the specified remote.
Push tags to a remote repository	git push --tags	Pushes all tags to the specified remote repository.

Inspecting and Comparing

Task	Command	Description
View commit history	git log	Shows the commit history for the current branch.
View a simplified commit history	git log --oneline --graph --all	Displays a compact, graphical commit history for all branches.
Show commit details	git show <commit_hash>	Shows the changes introduced by a specific commit.
Compare branches	git diff <branch_1> <branch_2>	Shows differences between two branches.
Compare staged and working directory	git diff --staged	Shows differences between the staging area and the last commit.
Compare changes with the last commit	git diff HEAD	Compares the working directory with the latest commit.

Undoing Changes

Task	Command	Description
Revert changes in a file	git checkout -- <file_name>	Discards changes in the working directory for a specific file.
Reset staging area	git reset <file_name>	Removes a file from the staging area without changing the working directory.
Reset to a specific commit	git reset --hard <commit_hash>	Resets the working directory and staging area to the specified commit, discarding all changes.
Soft reset to a commit	git reset --soft <commit_hash>	Resets the staging area to the specified commit, keeping changes in the working directory.
Revert a commit	git revert <commit_hash>	Creates a new commit that undoes the changes of a specified commit.
Remove untracked files	git clean -f	Removes untracked files from the working directory.
Remove untracked directories	git clean -fd	Removes untracked directories and their contents from the working directory.

Tagging

Task	Command	Description
List all tags	git tag	Lists all tags in the repository.
Create a new tag	git tag <tag_name>	Creates a new lightweight tag.
Create an annotated tag	git tag -a <tag_name> -m "<message>"	Creates a new annotated tag with a message.
Show tag details	git show <tag_name>	Displays details about the specified tag.
Delete a tag	git tag -d <tag_name>	Deletes the specified tag locally.
Push a tag to a remote repository	git push <remote> <tag_name>	Pushes a tag to the specified remote repository.
Push all tags to a remote repository	git push --tags	Pushes all local tags to the remote repository.
Delete a tag from a remote repository	git push <remote> :refs/tags/<tag_name>	Deletes a tag from the specified remote repository.

Stashing

Task	Command	Description
Stash changes	git stash	Stashes current changes in the working directory and staging area.
List all stashes	git stash list	Displays a list of all stashes.
Apply a stash	git stash apply <stash_name>	Applies a specific stash to the working directory.
Apply and drop a stash	git stash pop <stash_name>	Applies the latest stash and removes it from the stash list.
Drop a stash	git stash drop <stash_name>	Removes a specific stash from the stash list.
Clear all stashes	git stash clear	Removes all stashes from the stash list.

Submodules

Task	Command	Description
Add a submodule	git submodule add <repository_url> <path>	Adds a submodule to the repository.
Initialize submodules	git submodule init	Initializes local configuration for submodules.
Update submodules	git submodule update	Fetches and checks out the latest changes in submodules.
View submodule status	git submodule status	Displays the status of submodules.
Deinitialize a submodule	git submodule deinit <path>	Deinitializes a submodule and removes its working directory.

Miscellaneous

Task	Command	Description
View Git version	git --version	Displays the currently installed version of Git.
View help for a command	git <command> --help	Shows the help manual for a specific Git command.
View a summary of changes	git shortlog	Summarizes commits by author.
Create a Git archive	git archive --format=zip --output=<file.zip> <branch>	Creates a compressed archive of a repository.
Reapply changes from another branch	git cherry-pick <commit_hash>	Applies changes from a specific commit to the current branch.
Rebase interactively	git rebase -i <base_commit>	Allows for interactive rebasing, which lets you reorder, squash, or drop commits.

Useful Aliases

Alias	Command	Description
git hist	git log --oneline --graph --all --decorate	Shows a pretty and concise graph of the commit history.
git lg	git log --graph --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit --decorate --all	A compact view of the commit history.
git st	git status	Shortcut for viewing the current status.
git ci	git commit -m	Shortcut for committing with a message.
git co	git checkout	Shortcut for switching branches or restoring files.

This guide provides a solid foundation for working with Git, whether you're just getting started or need a quick reference for more advanced tasks.